Event List

Age Group
Age Group
Program Type
Library Branch
Ongoing Events

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This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Game On! @ The Frayser Library

Tuesday, November 4, 2025 at 4:00pm - 5:00pm
Meeting Room A (FRA) at Frayser Library
Program Type:
Games
Age Group:
Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Children ages 6-12 are encouraged to get into "Game On" at the Frayser Branch Library.  Join us in playing Scrabble, Connect 4, Air Hockey, Uno, Hang Man and more!

Library Branch: Frayser Library
Room: Meeting Room A (FRA)
Age Group: Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Games
Event Details:

Children ages 6-12 are encouraged to get into "Game On" at the Frayser Branch Library.  Join us in playing Scrabble, Connect 4, Air Hockey, Uno, Hang Man and more!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Memphis Library Foundation

This event made possible by the Memphis Library Foundation.

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group
This event is in the "Teens" group
This event is in the "Adults" group
This event is in the "Adults-Seniors" group

Long Live the King!-Chess Club

Tuesday, November 4, 2025 at 6:00pm - 7:30pm
Lobby at Benjamin L. Hooks Central Library
Program Type:
Games
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors

Free chess tutorials for all ages. Beginners are invited to learn to play, and veterans are welcome to challenge each other to a friendly match of strategy and tactics. For this event we will meet in our main lobby behind the escalators.

Library Branch: Benjamin L. Hooks Central Library
Room: Lobby
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors
Program Type: Games
Event Details:

Free chess tutorials for all ages. Beginners are invited to learn to play, and veterans are welcome to challenge each other to a friendly match of strategy and tactics. For this event we will meet in our main lobby behind the escalators.

Special Notes

Memphis Library Foundation

This event made possible by the Memphis Library Foundation.

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

LEGO Club

Wednesday, November 5, 2025 at 3:30pm - 4:30pm
Meeting Room (OGR) at Officer Geoffrey Redd Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Games, STEAM arts
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Join us for an hour of building, creating, and making new friends! 

Library Branch: Officer Geoffrey Redd Library
Room: Meeting Room (OGR)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Games, STEAM arts
Event Details:

Join us for an hour of building, creating, and making new friends! 

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group

South Branch Storytime

Wednesday, November 5, 2025 at 4:00pm - 4:45pm
Children's Area at South Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Literacy Instruction, Story Times
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)

Children will enjoy an interactive and engaging storytime that is sure to keep them wanting more! Each storytime will include a read-aloud of 2-3 books, movement activities, and a craft!

Library Branch: South Library
Room: Children's Area
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Literacy Instruction, Story Times
Event Details:

Children will enjoy an interactive and engaging storytime that is sure to keep them wanting more! Each storytime will include a read-aloud of 2-3 books, movement activities, and a craft!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group
This event is in the "Teens" group
This event is in the "Adults" group
This event is in the "Adults-Seniors" group

Drop Everything and Write

Wednesday, November 5, 2025 at 5:00pm - 7:30pm
Meeting Room (RAL) at Raleigh Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Literacy Instruction, Poetry and Writing
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors

November is National Novel Writing Month! Every week we will be hosting a Drop Everything and Write session where the Raleigh Library will provide you with time, space, and a supportive environment to focus on your writing.

Library Branch: Raleigh Library
Room: Meeting Room (RAL)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Literacy Instruction, Poetry and Writing
Event Details:

November is National Novel Writing Month! Every week we will be hosting a Drop Everything and Write session where the Raleigh Library will provide you with time, space, and a supportive environment to focus on your writing.

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group
This event is in the "Teens" group

Charm and Chill DIY Bracelet Bar!

Thursday, November 6, 2025 at 2:30pm - 3:30pm
Teen Innovation Center at Whitehaven Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Health & Wellness, STEAM arts, STEAM stem
Age Group:
Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens

Get ready to bead, twist, and create! Join us at the Whitehaven Branch Library for a fun bracelet-making workshop. Design your own unique bracelets using colorful beads, charms, and threads; then trade or share them with friends!

Library Branch: Whitehaven Library
Room: Teen Innovation Center
Age Group: Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Health & Wellness, STEAM arts, STEAM stem
Event Details:

Get ready to bead, twist, and create! Join us at the Whitehaven Branch Library for a fun bracelet-making workshop. Design your own unique bracelets using colorful beads, charms, and threads; then trade or share them with friends!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Memphis Library Foundation

This event made possible by the Memphis Library Foundation.

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group
This event is in the "Teens" group
This event is in the "Adults" group
This event is in the "Adults-Seniors" group

Bessie Coleman: A Tale of Aviation

Thursday, November 6, 2025 at 3:00pm - 4:00pm
Meeting Room B (OM) at Orange Mound Library
Program Type:
Cultural Awareness, History/Genealogy, Movies
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors

Join us at the Orange Mound Library for a special animated short film celebrating Bessie Coleman — the first woman of African American and Native American heritage to earn a pilot’s license!

Library Branch: Orange Mound Library
Room: Meeting Room B (OM)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors
Program Type: Cultural Awareness, History/Genealogy, Movies
Event Details:

Join us at the Orange Mound Library for a special animated short film celebrating Bessie Coleman — the first woman of African American and Native American heritage to earn a pilot’s license!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Day of Play

Thursday, November 6, 2025 at 4:00pm - 5:00pm
Meeting Room (HOL) at Hollywood Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Games, Movies, Music
Age Group:
Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

🎉 Join us at Hollywood for Day of Play! Every Thursday, we'll have an activity full of fun, creativity, and adventure!

Library Branch: Hollywood Library
Room: Meeting Room (HOL)
Age Group: Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Games, Movies, Music
Event Details:

🎉 Join us at Hollywood for Day of Play! Every Thursday, we'll have an activity full of fun, creativity, and adventure!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Storytimes at Hollywood

Friday, November 7, 2025 at 4:00pm - 5:00pm
Main Floor at Hollywood Library
Program Type:
Story Times
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

📚✨ Join Us for Storytime at Hollywood! Spark your child’s imagination with stories and crafts! 🎶📖 Whether you're a regular or it's your first visit, everyone is welcome to come share the magic of stories!

Library Branch: Hollywood Library
Room: Main Floor
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Story Times
Event Details:

📚✨ Join Us for Storytime at Hollywood! Spark your child’s imagination with stories and crafts! 🎶📖 Whether you're a regular or it's your first visit, everyone is welcome to come share the magic of stories!

Special Notes

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Fall Fun with the Cordova Garden Club

Saturday, November 8, 2025 at 11:00am - 11:45am
Cordova Library
Program Type:
Gardening
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Come to the Cordova Garden Club for Fall Fun with the Cordova Garden Club.

Share stories and crafts about Trees.  Information and snacks, too!

For all ages and no registration is needed.

Library Branch: Cordova Library
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Gardening
Event Details:

Come to the Cordova Garden Club for Fall Fun with the Cordova Garden Club.

Share stories and crafts about Trees.  Information and snacks, too!

For all ages and no registration is needed.

This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Peabody Elementary Children's Art Showcase

Saturday, November 8, 2025 at 12:00pm - 1:00pm
Cossitt Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Exhibits
Age Group:
Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Join us for our Monthly Cossitt Library rotating children's Art Showcase. This month features the work of Peabody Elementary School. Jamie Hooper teacher.

Nov. 8th 12pm-1pm

Light refreshments served

Library Branch: Cossitt Library
Age Group: Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Exhibits
Event Details:

Join us for our Monthly Cossitt Library rotating children's Art Showcase. This month features the work of Peabody Elementary School. Jamie Hooper teacher.

Nov. 8th 12pm-1pm

Light refreshments served

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Saturday at The Movies

Saturday, November 8, 2025 at 2:00pm - 4:00pm
Meeting Room A (FRA) at Frayser Library
Program Type:
Cultural Awareness, Movies
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Join us on Saturday at the Frayser branch library to view a movie for all the family to enjoy!  Refreshments will be served.  Children 12 years of age and under must be accompanied by a parent or guardian.  

Library Branch: Frayser Library
Room: Meeting Room A (FRA)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Cultural Awareness, Movies
Event Details:

Join us on Saturday at the Frayser branch library to view a movie for all the family to enjoy!  Refreshments will be served.  Children 12 years of age and under must be accompanied by a parent or guardian.  

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Memphis Library Foundation

This event made possible by the Memphis Library Foundation.

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Lego Club

Saturday, November 8, 2025 at 3:00pm - 4:00pm
Meeting Room (RAN) at Randolph Library
Program Type:
Games, STEAM stem
Age Group:
Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Kids: Join us at your Randolph Branch Library on the second Saturday of each month for Lego Club!

Library Branch: Randolph Library
Room: Meeting Room (RAN)
Age Group: Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Games, STEAM stem
Event Details:

Kids: Join us at your Randolph Branch Library on the second Saturday of each month for Lego Club!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo
This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group
This event is in the "Teens" group
This event is in the "Adults" group
This event is in the "Adults-Seniors" group

East Shelby Library : Movie Day

Saturday, November 8, 2025 at 3:00pm - 5:00pm
Meeting Room A (ESB) at East Shelby Library
Program Type:
Movies
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors

Meeting Room A transforms into a theater every other Saturday. Let us know your favorite part of the movie when the curtain closes! 

Library Branch: East Shelby Library
Room: Meeting Room A (ESB)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12), Teens, Adults, Adults-Seniors
Program Type: Movies
Event Details:

Meeting Room A transforms into a theater every other Saturday. Let us know your favorite part of the movie when the curtain closes! 

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo
This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group

South Branch Storytime

Saturday, November 8, 2025 at 4:00pm - 4:45pm
South Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Story Times
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)

Children will enjoy an interactive and engaging storytime that is sure to keep them wanting more! Each storytime will include a read-aloud of 2-3 books, movement activities, and a craft! 

Library Branch: South Library
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Story Times
Event Details:

Children will enjoy an interactive and engaging storytime that is sure to keep them wanting more! Each storytime will include a read-aloud of 2-3 books, movement activities, and a craft! 

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Take-and-Make Craft

All Day
Officer Geoffrey Redd Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, STEAM arts, STEAM stem
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

See what you can create with our weekly take-home kits. Available in the children's section while supplies last.

Library Branch: Officer Geoffrey Redd Library
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, STEAM arts, STEAM stem
Event Details:

See what you can create with our weekly take-home kits. Available in the children's section while supplies last.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group

Family Storytime

Monday, November 10, 2025 at 11:00am - 11:45am
Tween Scene & Children's Room (ESB) at East Shelby Library
Program Type:
Story Times
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)

Bring the family to storytime to explore stories and facts, shake your sillies out, sing and rhyme together, and more! 

This storytime occurs on Mondays at 11:00 a.m.

Library Branch: East Shelby Library
Room: Tween Scene & Children's Room (ESB)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)
Program Type: Story Times
Event Details:

Bring the family to storytime to explore stories and facts, shake your sillies out, sing and rhyme together, and more! 

This storytime occurs on Mondays at 11:00 a.m.

Special Notes

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group

Afterschool Story Time

Monday, November 10, 2025 at 4:00pm - 4:30pm
Gaston Park Library
Program Type:
Story Times
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)

Gather weekly for a fun and engaging story time.

Library Branch: Gaston Park Library
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)
Program Type: Story Times
Event Details:

Gather weekly for a fun and engaging story time.

This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Crafternoon

Monday, November 10, 2025 at 4:00pm - 5:00pm
Meeting Room (RAN) at Randolph Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, STEAM arts, STEAM stem
Age Group:
Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Kids can come to their Randolph Branch Library after school on Mondays and utilize their creativity with craft making!

Library Branch: Randolph Library
Room: Meeting Room (RAN)
Age Group: Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, STEAM arts, STEAM stem
Event Details:

Kids can come to their Randolph Branch Library after school on Mondays and utilize their creativity with craft making!

Special Notes

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

Paint Party!

Monday, November 10, 2025 at 4:00pm - 5:00pm
Children's Area at South Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, STEAM arts
Age Group:
Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Stop by the South Branch on the 2nd Monday of each month for a special painting project! We'll try out different painting materials and techniques to make great pieces of art!

Library Branch: South Library
Room: Children's Area
Age Group: Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, STEAM arts
Event Details:

Stop by the South Branch on the 2nd Monday of each month for a special painting project! We'll try out different painting materials and techniques to make great pieces of art!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group

Shining Stars: Music Therapy for School Aged Children

Monday, November 10, 2025 at 4:00pm - 5:00pm
Children's Area at Frayser Library
Program Type:
Music
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)

Join us for a fun and interactive music therapy program led by a board certified music therapist from The STAR Center, Inc.

Library Branch: Frayser Library
Room: Children's Area
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)
Program Type: Music
Event Details:

Join us for a fun and interactive music therapy program led by a board certified music therapist from The STAR Center, Inc.

Special Notes

Memphis Library Foundation

This event made possible by the Memphis Library Foundation.

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group

Storytime @ Levi

Wednesday, November 12, 2025 at 11:00am - 11:30am
Library Outdoor Grounds (LEV) at Levi Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Story Times
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)

Customers are invited to bring their children to LevImagination Storytime for a 30-minute-long storytelling session designed to stimulate and engage their little ones' minds and imaginations!

Library Branch: Levi Library
Room: Library Outdoor Grounds (LEV)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Story Times
Event Details:

Customers are invited to bring their children to LevImagination Storytime for a 30-minute-long storytelling session designed to stimulate and engage their little ones' minds and imaginations!

Special Notes

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group
This event is in the "Tweens (Age 8-12)" group

LEGO Club

Wednesday, November 12, 2025 at 3:30pm - 4:30pm
Meeting Room (OGR) at Officer Geoffrey Redd Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Games, STEAM arts
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)

Join us for an hour of building, creating, and making new friends! 

Library Branch: Officer Geoffrey Redd Library
Room: Meeting Room (OGR)
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8), Tweens (Age 8-12)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Games, STEAM arts
Event Details:

Join us for an hour of building, creating, and making new friends! 

This event is in the "Children (Age 0-5)" group
This event is in the "Children (Age 6-8)" group

South Branch Storytime

Wednesday, November 12, 2025 at 4:00pm - 4:45pm
Children's Area at South Library
Program Type:
Arts & Crafts, Literacy Instruction, Story Times
Age Group:
Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)

Children will enjoy an interactive and engaging storytime that is sure to keep them wanting more! Each storytime will include a read-aloud of 2-3 books, movement activities, and a craft!

Library Branch: South Library
Room: Children's Area
Age Group: Children (Age 0-5), Children (Age 6-8)
Program Type: Arts & Crafts, Literacy Instruction, Story Times
Event Details:

Children will enjoy an interactive and engaging storytime that is sure to keep them wanting more! Each storytime will include a read-aloud of 2-3 books, movement activities, and a craft!

Special Notes

Friends of the Library

This event made possible by the Friends of the Library.

Friends of the Library logo

Photograph Notice

This event may be recorded or photographed for use by the Memphis Public Libraries or the City of Memphis for media, social media, broadcast, and/or print purposes.